Complex political and geographical circumstances in geopolitical space of Bosnia and
Herzegovina, in the nineties of the last century, led to the entity division of Bosnia and
Herzegovina, according to the criteria of the ethnic majority (Republic of Srpska) and
bipolar ethno-geographic structure (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina).
When accessing the issue, we start from the premise that contemporary demographic
characteristics and processes in B&H have a political-geographical dimension. Mutual
conditionality and interaction of political-geographical processes and demographic
characteristics condition the sustainability of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a complex
geopolitical unit, which is ultimately based on specific ethno-demographic formula
1+2+3, or more precisely, one country, two entities and three constituent people and
religions.
The subject of research in this paper will be essentially based on a comparative analysis
of the Census in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1991 and 2013 and identification of
demographic changes in territorial deployment and ethnic structure of the population.
The purpose of this paper is to indicate that the political-geographical processes, military
conflicts, specific consequences and recurrence of the war period in Bosnia and
Herzegovina in the nineties of the last century had a decisive influence on the
contemporary spatial distribution and ethnic composition of the population.
The paper is planned to be realized by general, as well as special methods of geographical
research and data processing techniques (statistical, cartographic, graphical, GIS
analysis), which are consistent with research of influence of political-geographical
processes to contemporary geodemographic characteristics of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
