Zamjena katjona u zeolitu ima za posljedicu promjenu cijelog niza fizičko – hemijskih i strukturnih karakteristika osnovnog zeolita. Ovaj rad je pokušaj da se na osobine zeolita – tipa A utiče tako što će se katjoni (joni natrijuma i kalcijuma) u strukturi zeolita, zamjeniti katjonima (jonima litijuma i mangana) manjeg jonskog radiusa. Joni su uvedeni u zeolit metodom jonske zamjene, a njihovo prisustvo i količina su identifikovani AAS plamenom tehnikom. Za ispitivanje strukture uzoraka korištena je metoda rendgenske difrakcije (XRD) i metoda termijske analize (DTA, TG i DTG), a specifična površina je određena BET – metodom. Promjena kiselo – baznih osobina zeolitne površine je ispitana IR – spektroskopskom analizom. Dobiveni rezultati: povećanje specifične površine, porast gradijenta elektrostatskog polja uvedenog katjona, promjena karaktera i lokacije aktivnih centara i promjena geometrije unutrašnje strukture modifikovanog zeolita, mogle bi biti prednosti ovih katjon – modifikovanih formi kod tretmana otpadnih voda bilo da se radi o baznim ili kiselim zagađivačima.
The replacement of cations in the zeolite results in the change of a whole series of physical –
chemical and structural characteristics of the basic zeolite. This paper is an attempt to influence
the zeolite – type A characteristics by replacing the cations (natrium and calcium ions) in the
zeolite structure with the cations (lithium and manganese ions) of a smaller ion raduis.
The ions have been introduced to the zeolite by the method of ion exchange, and their presence
and quantity have been identified by the AAS flame technique.
The method of x-ray diffraction (XRD) and method of thermal analysis (DTA, TG, and DTG)
have been used for examining the structure of samples, and specific surface has been determined
by the BET – method.
The change of acid – basic characteristics of the zeolite surface has been examined by the IR –
spectroscopic analysis. The obtained results: increase of specific surface, growth of electrostatic field gradient of the
introduced cation, change od character and location of active centers, and change of geometry of
the modified zeolite inner structure, could represent advantages of these cation – modified forms
in the treatment of waste water no matter the polluters in case are basic or acid ones.
