The cytogenetic laboratory of the University Clinical Center of the Republic of Srpska
(UCCRS) in Banja Luka is the primary institution where the karyotypes of patients’ peripheral
blood are analyzed. In the period from 2009 to 2019, a total of 3842 karyotype analyzes of
patients were performed in it, of which 1956 had a referral diagnosis of sterility and habitual
abortion, and therefore the inability to achieve pregnancy. The importance of cytogenetic
analysis of patient’s karyotypes is great because the presence of chromosomal aberrations in
them can be the cause of sterility and spontaneous abortions in patients. Therefore, the aim of
the work was to determine the presence of chromosomal aberrations in the karyotypes of
patients at the University Hospital of RS who had a referral diagnosis of sterility or habitual
abortion. The total number of processed karyotype samples of patients in the Cytogenetic
Laboratory at the UCCRS in the period from 2009 to 2019 grew by year. The study found a
significant difference in the frequency distribution of patients with a diagnosis of sterility,
which was twice as many as compared to patients with a diagnosis of habitual abortion. The
percentage of patients who are treated for sterility and habitual abortion with the presence of
chromosomal aberrations in their karyotypes compared to those without aberrations is on
average low. An equal distribution of male and female patients with aberrant karyotypes who
were treated for sterility and habitual abortions was determined. The most prevalent
chromosomal aberrations in the karyotypes of both male and female patients treated for
sterility and habitual abortion were inversions, followed by mosaic aberrations, then
translocations; then followed by trisomies, Robertsonian translocations and finally additions.
