During spring 2016, a survey was carried out in Bosnian-Herzegovinian (BiH) and Montenegrin (MNE)
fig orchards, germplasm collection plots and outdoor gardens, to investigate the presence of unreported fig viruses
possibly present in both countries, i.e. Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 2 (FLMaV-2), Fig latent virus 1 (FLV-1), Fig
cryptic virus 1 (FCV-1), Fig fleck-associated virus (FFkaV) and Fig badnavirus 1 (FBV-1); as well as those previously
reported, i.e. Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 1 (FLMaV-1), Fig mild mottle-associated virus (FMMaV) and Fig
mosaic emaravirus (FMV). A total of 84 fig samples (49 from BIH and 35 from MNE) were collected and tested by
PCR/RT-PCR using sets of virus-specific primers. Results showed that FBV-1 was the prevailing virus with all
samples (100%) infected, followed by FLMaV-1 (54%), FMV (35%), FMMaV (7%), FFkaV (6%) and FLMaV-2 (1%);
whereas FLV-1 and FCV-1 were not detected. Excluding the FBV-1 detection, 35% of tested trees were infected with
at least one other virus. Sequence analyses of PCR/RT-PCR fragments obtained from different viruses showed that
FBV-1 was the least variable (0.9% of nucleotides divergent) compared with FLMaV-1 (15.7% sequence variation),
FLMaV-2 (17.4%), FMMaV (14.9%), FMV (16.9%) and FFkaV (14.3%). Phylogenetic trees constructed with obtained
sequences, together with their homologues retrieved from the Genbank database, showed distinct separation of
the BiH and MNE isolates from those of different origins, in particular for FFkaV and FMV; whereas for closteroviruses
(FLMaV-1, FLMaV-2 and FMMaV), there was no distinction between the isolates. This is the first report on
sequence analyses of fig viruses in this geographical region, and of the presence of FBV-1 in BiH and MNE, and of
FLMaV-2 and FFkaV
